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UTC redefinition: opinion survey
From: Paul Hirose
Date: 2011 Aug 19, 14:18 -0700
From: Paul Hirose
Date: 2011 Aug 19, 14:18 -0700
The IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service) is soliciting opinions regarding a possible redefinition of the UTC time scale. They have a Web questionnaire: http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/index.php?index=questionnaire [QUOTE] After years of discussions within the scientific community, a proposal to fundamentally redefine UTC will come to a conclusive vote in January 2012 at the ITU-R in Geneva. If this proposal is approved, it would be effective five years later. It would halt the intercalary adjustments known as leap seconds that maintain UTC as a form of Universal Time. Then, UTC would not keep pace with Earth rotation and the value of DUT1 would become unconstrained.Therefore UTC would no longer be directly useful for various technical applications which rely on it being less than 1 second from UT1. Such applications would require a separate access to UT1, such as through the publication of DUT1 by other means. The objective of the survey is to find out the strength of opinion for maintaining or changing the present system. Your response is appreciated before 31 August 2011. Two references: 1 - Nelson, R.A., McCarthy, D.D., Malys, S., Levine, J., Guinot, B., Fliegel, H.F., Beard, R.L., and Bartholomew, T.R., The leap second: its history and possible future. Metrologia, Vol. 38, 2001, pp. 509-529 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf 2 - Finkleman, D., Seago, J.H., and Seidelmann, P. K. The Debate over UTC and Leap Seconds. Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference,Toronto, Canada, 2010. http://www.agi.com/downloads/resources/user-resources/downloads/whitepapers/DebateOverUTCandLeapSeconds.pdf [QUOTE] Both documents note that any change will affect celestial navigators. "While reliance on celestial navigation has greatly diminished with the advent of GNSS, the generalization that celestial navigation is no longer actively practiced is unfounded. Electronic navigation aids are subject breakdown and jamming, such that the US armed forces still teach navigation without GNSS and other electronic aids. Because LORAN is being phased out in the USA, celestial navigation is still used as a backup to GNSS, especially where military requirements mandate some kind of navigational backup at sea. Many professional sailors and civilian merchant marines also rely on celestial navigation as a back-up to GNSS, evidenced by the availability of private instruction on celestial navigation and the continuing production of sextants, nautical almanacs, and celestial navigation textbooks. Also, the concept of the leap second was not introduced “to meet the requirement of celestial navigation” since that requirement was being met previously by timing-signal broadcasts without leap seconds. Rather, the UTC system with leap seconds was motivated to convenience the calibration of frequency while still satisfying legislative and regulatory obligations to keep timing signals synchronized with astronomical time of day." (Finkleman et al) The latter paper makes a case against a UTC redefinition. I can go either way. This possibility has been in the air for years. By now, anyone who writes software which is sensitive to the precise definiton of UTC should be ready for the end of leap seconds. But as a mere hobbyist I'm staying out of the IERS poll. --