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Byron,

Thanks for the sub celestial observation description. How did subs use
sea mounts for DR and positioning?

Greg

On Oct 11, 8:45�am, QMCM  wrote:
> On Polaris Subs we had two periscopes one for general use and one type
> 11 to give azimuth bearing accuracy needed for the SINS while on
> surface, the general use was for Navigation and all other use. The
> orders were to proceed undetected; we never broke or surfaced during
> the 2.5 month. If we detected another ship we cleared away from the
> area. Once we went down, we had a huge area that we hid in. There was
> no reason for anyone to know where we were and each patrol was made
> with no thought but to remain undetected. 3 Sins were the main
> Navigation means but they were continued in check with one another and
> the personnel were well trained to monitor them. Any more would be top
> secret they may use the same procedures
> today?
> �The Standard Navy Sextant was adequate for general Navigation �David
> White Company Mark II, 3 power, 10 degree true field. I did see other
> sextant�s with large lens and more power, outside the navy. �On the
> SUB all navigation activity was in a Navigation Center down in the
> sub.
> I did use the periscope �SCAR GEAR,� that I remenber had a gyro input
> and printed out each shot. �Analyzing Sextant Sights. I used SCAR GEAR
> on the SSBN Abraham Lincoln and a bubble sextant on a Liberty Hull.
> The Scar Gear is an artificial horizon in the periscope, much like the
> bubble sextant. In rough sea with both, the observed body moves
> violently across the cross hairs, making the Observation open to large
> random errors. The suggested practice is to use an average of many
> shots of each body to get one acceptable observation for each body or
> star. After some unacceptable use of the gear, I decide to try another
> approach to find the best raw shot from a large number of individual
> shots �To find the Best shot among the many you need a reliable
> reference to judge the ever- changing time and elevation of each shot.
> You must reduce work of each sight to a simple, but easy way of
> elimination (random) and many shots to one best shot. I concluded that
> a better solution to the average would be to plot the individual shots
> on graph paper with a time line (at the bottom) and a slope that a
> body is traveling upon. This slope would be a systematic reliable
> reference line for each shot judgment. The time of the first shot
> would be the start of a 4 minuet time line and also time to compute
> Local Hour angle LHA for table entree for tabular altitude (tab Hc) of
> the body. The far base of the horizontal time line of four minutes
> would start with the LHA and end with LHA1+l, four minutes of time to
> arc, [one degree] or LHA297 and LHA298.
> At right angle to the time line would be the raw Hc tab. out of the
> tables, the bottom is LHA 297�s Hc 46 38.1, the right angle at the top
> would be 298�s Hc 47 17.1. This SLOPE (STAR TRACK) would be drawn from
> the left beginning of the time line (LHA297 Hc tab. to the top LHA
> 298Hc tab four minutes later. Once the graph is completed and each raw
> shot!Hs is plotted in terms of time and Hs height the Hc slope can be
> moved parallel to its self among the plotted Hs�s on the time line for
> best agreement. Each Hs shots should be easy to identify as systematic
> or random. A selection of one time and Hs shot can then be completed
> to height observed and to line of position for the fix. (If your Hs
> don�t match the Hc on the vertical, add or subtract an amount to fit,
> move the slope to select you best shot, than use the original Hs. The
> slope could be corrected for speed and direction during the four
> minutes traveled. In order to accommodate other star�s slopes, any
> time and Hs could be used to Finnish the sight and find the best shot.
> Best for a slow moving ship.
>
> On Oct 7, 10:26�am, Anabasi...@aol.com wrote:
>
> > This also works very well when trying to see running lights at a fair �
> > distance. �My use of this technique allows me to pick up ships at 15-20 nm �from
> > the bridge well before most of the other watch standers can see the �ship. �
> > Generally in good visibility, I can see the running lights soon �after they
> > pop over the horizon.
>
> > Jeremy
>
> > In a message dated 10/5/2009 2:21:55 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, �
>
> > byron...@netzero.com writes:
>
> > Navigator's vision at day and night.
> > The way you use �your eyes at night is different from the way you use them
> > during the day. With �normal day vision, you train your eyes to look
> > directly at the target. If you �catch something out of the corner of your eye, you
> > automatically move your �eyes to center on the target. Once you have done
> > so, you can see the target �clearly in color, and detail. In the dark,
> > however, instead of directing your �vision at the area you desire to see, you must
> > learn to use off-center vision �for a very dim light or star. �The first
> > step in training yourself in �night vision is finding a location free of normal
> > white city �lights, � Perhaps your backyard or better at sea. Wait until
> > your �eyes have adapted to the dark; this can take about 15 to 20 minutes. At
> > this �point the sky is black, some stars are bright, or some dim and you are
> > aware �of your surroundings. Your eyes are accustomed to the dark. If you
> > need a �light to read/write or see a star finder (NAVLIST 9471) use a red dim
> > light �only. �Look at the sky and find a bright star. Now slowly move your
> > eyes �until you see, or think you see, the dimmest star out of the corner of
> > your �eye. Look directly at the star. If it is a very dim star it will
> > "disappear" �when you look at it and won't reappear until you move your eyes and
> > "look" at �it using the off-center technique. It may well be fuzzy and lack
> > color. But �you do see it. What is happening here is that you are seeing it
> > with your �peripheral vision. Practice this off-center technique until you
> > are �comfortable picking up even the dimmest star. �Binoculars can help make
> > �some of the dimmer stars very bright. But other stars will disappear when
> > you �look directly at them, even with binoculars. At sea at night, relax and
> > move �your eyes slowly just a few degrees around the sky or the horizon. If
> > you �think you see a light, use the off-center vision technique to isolate
> > your �target. If the light is very faint and disappears, use a slow,
> > off-center eye �motion to pick it up again. Then use your binoculars to pick up any
> > color �details. Practice this off-center procedure until you are proficient
> > in seeing �things at night. When you are in the darkness, only a trained
> > eye can produce �the correct information quickly. In the day time when you
> > want that good �horizon for a star or planet before dark thickens the horizon
> > try the �"Vertical Sextant" NAVLIST of Sept 28. �
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