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    Re: Hundreds of millions of GPS receivers
    From: Richard B. Langley
    Date: 2009 Dec 18, 11:21 -0400

    Quoting anabasis75@aol.com:
    
    > I can't agree with this Bruce.  GPS isn't any more a single source  than a
    > celestial fix or a visual fix.  GPS takes data from multiple birds  and
    > determines position from a minimum of two
    
    A minimum of three is needed for a horizontal position if height is known or can be
    assumed to be near 0 (sea surface). Why three? The receiver's clock offset from GPS
    Time is generally unknown and changing second to second and therefore is estimated as
    an unknown along with the receiver coordinates.
    
    -- Richard Langley
    
    , but usually four or more  signals.
    >
    > As far as comparison, I'm interested in what kind of difference you are
    > willing to accept between celestial and GPS position?  Is a mile good  enough,
    > two, five?  I just wonder what your standard is.
    >
    > Jeremy
    >
    >
    > In a message dated 12/18/2009 1:25:45 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
    > brucerhamilton@gmail.com writes:
    >
    > I even  think that a GPS has become an important part of celestial
    > navigation. I call  it my AP indicator. :-)
    >
    > Since GPS is a single source, I don't  take it's data as true until I
    > confirm it through something trustworthy like a  celestial shot.  I'm not sure if
    > this GPS technology is always working,  but the moon and stars are pretty
    > reliable.
    > --
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    >
    > --
    > NavList message boards: www.fer3.com/arc
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    ===============================================================================
     Richard B. Langley                            E-mail: lang@unb.ca
     Geodetic Research Laboratory                  Web: http://www.unb.ca/GGE/
     Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering    Phone:    +1 506 453-5142
     University of New Brunswick                   Fax:      +1 506 453-4943
     Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
         Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.city.fredericton.nb.ca/
    ===============================================================================
    
    
    --
    NavList message boards: www.fer3.com/arc
    Or post by email to: NavList@fer3.com
    To , email NavList+@fer3.com
    

       
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