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I remember seeing this many times in my childhood, when traveling by  ship in
Black sea. The article says incorrectly that this phenomenon is rare in moderate latitudes.

In the later years I did not travel much by ships, but once we measured Sun altitude with
Bill, on lake Michigan, with two different sextants, and when correcting our 
observations discovered a huge systematic error.
This case has been reported on NavList, and after a long discussion it was concluded that
the most likely explanation was "anomalous dip" which should be called more 
correctly "anomalous refraction at the horizon".

In all these cases that I remember the weather was very nice (like in the 
photo), and there was absolutely no reasons to expect that something was 
wrong.

Alex.

   

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