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    Re: Celestial Navigation in the Era of GPS, by George Kaplan USNO
    From: Richard B. Langley
    Date: 2013 Dec 28, 12:36 -0400

    I don't think that's what you meant to say. Equipotential surfaces ARE smooth:
    "Equipotential surfaces cover the Earth like the layers
    of an onion; they do not cross each other nor are
    they parallel to each other, except as a first
    approximation. They are continuous (ie, they do
    not have any breaks), they have no sharp edges and
    are convex everywhere with smoothly varying radii
    of curvature."
    They are, however, irregular, unlike the ellipsoid.
    
    -- Richard Langley 
    
    On Monday, December 23, 2013,357, at 4:23 PM, Frank Reed wrote:
    
    > the Earth's equipotential surfaces are not smooth
    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Richard B. Langley                            E-mail: lang@unb.ca         |
    | Geodetic Research Laboratory                  Web: http://gge.unb.ca/     |
    | Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering    Phone:    +1 506 453-5142   |
    | University of New Brunswick                   Fax:      +1 506 453-4943   |
    | Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3                                        |
    |        Fredericton?  Where's that?  See: http://www.fredericton.ca/       |
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    

       
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