Thanks, Gary.
Tis is interesting to know.
Loran does not help to solve the problem whether a submarine can
sail for many days without surfacing;
LORAN, like everything else based on electromagnetic waves works only
when the boat is on the surface, correct?
Alex
On Wed, 11 Apr 2012, Gary LaPook wrote:
>
> I have included links two charts showing the coverage of LORAN-A in 1950 and in 1973.
>
>
http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/lorana_coverage_map_1950b.jpg>
>
http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/lorana_coverage_b.jpg>
> gl
>
> --- On Tue, 4/10/12, Alexandre E Eremenko <eremenko---purdue.edu> wrote:
>
> From: Alexandre E Eremenko
<eremenko---purdue.edu>
> Subject: [NavList] Cel Nav and missile submarines
> To:
NavList@fer3.com> Date: Tuesday, April 10, 2012, 5:14 PM
>
>
> Thanks to Fred and Gary
> who helped to clarify the picture.
> And I apologise again for the message which begins with
> "Fred,..." while this was really an answer to Gary:-)
>
> Here is a short chronology.
> The first submarine ballistic missle was Zemlia R-11FM (SS-1 Scud A).
> It had an inertial guiding system.
> It was launched from the submarine Zulu B-67, some say in 1956,
> and even give exact date: September 16,
> others say in 1955, and became operational by 1959.
> It had a nuclear warhead, and was liquid-propelled.
> There was only one missile on the sub, it was launched from surface
> position, and had
to be put vertically before the launch.
>
> (I imagine this mess: fuleing the missile standing vertically on
> the deck, with liquid fuel. The fuel was nitric acid + liquid oxigen :-)
> I would be delighted to see this:-)
>
> As the very first satellite was launched only in 1957, the submarine
> clearly relied on Cel Nav. And the whole accuracy of the missle
> depended on Cel Nav. Inertial navigation for the submarine itself is a short time
> solution; inertial navigation cannot give your position for long time
> without checking it with some other means.
>
> Further development on the Soviet side were
> R-13, R-21 (1962) and R-27 (1967) missiles,
> (SS-N-4, SS-N-5, SS-N-6), all with inertial navigation,
> and Yankee class submarines. They already had missiles permanently
> in vertical position but the missiles were still liquid fuel
propelled.
>
> Now, in the 50-s (don't know exactly when) Soviet dip meter spreads,
> and on the US side, Shufeldt makes his research in 1958-61.
> Which was first classified, but then quickly unclassified,
> and the satellite system Transit 1 comes in use in 1964,
> and is made open to everyone in 1967.
>
> This system does not measure any angles (as I wrongly assumed in the beginning) but uses the Doppler effect created by the motion of the
> satellites. Few satellites do
> not cover all Earth surface.
> The accuracy 0'1-0'2 is better than Cel Nav.
> Only by 1980-s the Soviets apparently developed their own satellite
> system.
>
> Concerning other non-Cel nav systems. Inertial system for submarines
> is probably insdispensible when the submarine sails under ice
> (or under a helicopter which tries to find it).
> When it is near the water
surface, a sextant can be used through the
> periscope, and I read somewhere about such sextants.
> The systems based on shore radio stations, like LORAN, have limited
> range.
>
> Now, in te case of a nuclear attack, all satellite systems might
> be switched off, and it will remain to rely on Cel Nav for missile launch from a submarine... if there still will be people who know how
> to use it:-)
>
> Alex.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> :
http://fer3.com/arc/m2.aspx?i=118951>
>
>
