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Re: Backing & Hauling in Slocum
From: Trevor Kenchington
Date: 2003 Dec 18, 11:50 +0000
From: Trevor Kenchington
Date: 2003 Dec 18, 11:50 +0000
George wrote: > Thr relevant bit (and perhaps I should have picked it out and discarded the > rest) is the section about what "haul" means, from Gershom Bradford, in "A > glossary of Sea Terms", as follows- > > "If the wind is abeam and changes forward, it is said to haul, and if it > changes aft it veers. It is, however, often spoken of as "hauling aft." > Here is a completly different application of the word "veer", now with > respect to the direction of the ship's bow." > > And that's the sense in which I, too, have used and understood the word > "haul" over many years, here in the UK. Usually with something added, such > as "haul ahead" or "haul aft", and generally the wind hauling (on its own) > would imply hauling ahead, arriving from nearer the bow. Smyth ("Sailors Word-Book", 1867) devoted a page to different meanings of "haul". For wind direction he wrote: "Haul round: Said when the wind is gradually shifting towards any particular point of the compass." "Hauls aft, or veers aft: Said of the wind when it draws astern." I would take the former as Slocum's meaning in the passage in question. > As for "draw", it's used in Britain, usually, in "let draw", which means to > fill the sails by turning away from the wind, usually from very > close-hauled with sails a-shiver, or by filling the jib from hove-to. But > it can be used, suitably qualified, to express the opposite, when the wind > "draws ahead". Smyth manages several meanings for "draw" also (without including the "draws astern" that he used in defining "hauls aft"!). He has "A sail draws when it is filled by the wind", which seems familiar enough to me. However, he wrote: "To let draw a jib is to cease from fattening-in the sheet", whereas I would use that expression to cover releasing the windward sheet of a backed jib and sheeting it in to leeward. He showed no sign of knowing "draw" as meaning to bear off to fill the sails (a usage I had not encountered before) but his experience was primarily under square rig where no such manoevure would make sense (and likely would not be possible). > These sea-terms may be defined in dictionaries, but they don't always > comply with usage at different places in different eras. On some craft, > indeed, there may well be a contrary skipper who sticks to a contrary > meaning, as his crew may find to their cost. It could be me... Indeed. To get the intended meaning of a term, we have to match time, place and trade, then hope to find an authoritative reference source. Slocum was learning about the sea at much the time that Smyth was compiling his dictionary, but the one was a young Nova Scotian-turned-American in merchant ships, the other a retired RN Admiral (some of whose definitions were drawn almost verbatim from earlier dictionaries dating back about two centuries). I'd not trust that Slocum used words as Smyth defined them but the latter would be a good starting point for understanding the nuances of the former's writing. Trevor Kenchington -- Trevor J. Kenchington PhD Gadus@iStar.ca Gadus Associates, Office(902) 889-9250 R.R.#1, Musquodoboit Harbour, Fax (902) 889-9251 Nova Scotia B0J 2L0, CANADA Home (902) 889-3555 Science Serving the Fisheries http://home.istar.ca/~gadus